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Search Results (412853 CVEs found)

CVE Vendors Products Updated CVSS v3.1
CVE-2025-21972 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-21 8.8 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: mctp: unshare packets when reassembling Ensure that the frag_list used for reassembly isn't shared with other packets. This avoids incorrect reassembly when packets are cloned, and prevents a memory leak due to circular references between fragments and their skb_shared_info. The upcoming MCTP-over-USB driver uses skb_clone which can trigger the problem - other MCTP drivers don't share SKBs. A kunit test is added to reproduce the issue.
CVE-2025-21961 2 Linux, Redhat 2 Linux Kernel, Enterprise Linux 2026-10-21 7.5 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: eth: bnxt: fix truesize for mb-xdp-pass case When mb-xdp is set and return is XDP_PASS, packet is converted from xdp_buff to sk_buff with xdp_update_skb_shared_info() in bnxt_xdp_build_skb(). bnxt_xdp_build_skb() passes incorrect truesize argument to xdp_update_skb_shared_info(). The truesize is calculated as BNXT_RX_PAGE_SIZE * sinfo->nr_frags but the skb_shared_info was wiped by napi_build_skb() before. So it stores sinfo->nr_frags before bnxt_xdp_build_skb() and use it instead of getting skb_shared_info from xdp_get_shared_info_from_buff(). Splat looks like: ------------[ cut here ]------------ WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 0 at net/core/skbuff.c:6072 skb_try_coalesce+0x504/0x590 Modules linked in: xt_nat xt_tcpudp veth af_packet xt_conntrack nft_chain_nat xt_MASQUERADE nf_conntrack_netlink xfrm_user xt_addrtype nft_coms CPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/2 Not tainted 6.14.0-rc2+ #3 RIP: 0010:skb_try_coalesce+0x504/0x590 Code: 4b fd ff ff 49 8b 34 24 40 80 e6 40 0f 84 3d fd ff ff 49 8b 74 24 48 40 f6 c6 01 0f 84 2e fd ff ff 48 8d 4e ff e9 25 fd ff ff <0f> 0b e99 RSP: 0018:ffffb62c4120caa8 EFLAGS: 00010287 RAX: 0000000000000003 RBX: ffffb62c4120cb14 RCX: 0000000000000ec0 RDX: 0000000000001000 RSI: ffffa06e5d7dc000 RDI: 0000000000000003 RBP: ffffa06e5d7ddec0 R08: ffffa06e6120a800 R09: ffffa06e7a119900 R10: 0000000000002310 R11: ffffa06e5d7dcec0 R12: ffffe4360575f740 R13: ffffe43600000000 R14: 0000000000000002 R15: 0000000000000002 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffffa0755f700000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007f147b76b0f8 CR3: 00000001615d4000 CR4: 00000000007506f0 PKRU: 55555554 Call Trace: <IRQ> ? __warn+0x84/0x130 ? skb_try_coalesce+0x504/0x590 ? report_bug+0x18a/0x1a0 ? handle_bug+0x53/0x90 ? exc_invalid_op+0x14/0x70 ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x16/0x20 ? skb_try_coalesce+0x504/0x590 inet_frag_reasm_finish+0x11f/0x2e0 ip_defrag+0x37a/0x900 ip_local_deliver+0x51/0x120 ip_sublist_rcv_finish+0x64/0x70 ip_sublist_rcv+0x179/0x210 ip_list_rcv+0xf9/0x130 How to reproduce: <Node A> ip link set $interface1 xdp obj xdp_pass.o ip link set $interface1 mtu 9000 up ip a a 10.0.0.1/24 dev $interface1 <Node B> ip link set $interfac2 mtu 9000 up ip a a 10.0.0.2/24 dev $interface2 ping 10.0.0.1 -s 65000 Following ping.py patch adds xdp-mb-pass case. so ping.py is going to be able to reproduce this issue.
CVE-2025-21927 2 Linux, Redhat 4 Linux Kernel, Enterprise Linux, Rhel E4s and 1 more 2026-10-21 9.8 Critical
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nvme-tcp: fix potential memory corruption in nvme_tcp_recv_pdu() nvme_tcp_recv_pdu() doesn't check the validity of the header length. When header digests are enabled, a target might send a packet with an invalid header length (e.g. 255), causing nvme_tcp_verify_hdgst() to access memory outside the allocated area and cause memory corruptions by overwriting it with the calculated digest. Fix this by rejecting packets with an unexpected header length.
CVE-2025-21892 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-21 4.7 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: RDMA/mlx5: Fix the recovery flow of the UMR QP This patch addresses an issue in the recovery flow of the UMR QP, ensuring tasks do not get stuck, as highlighted by the call trace [1]. During recovery, before transitioning the QP to the RESET state, the software must wait for all outstanding WRs to complete. Failing to do so can cause the firmware to skip sending some flushed CQEs with errors and simply discard them upon the RESET, as per the IB specification. This race condition can result in lost CQEs and tasks becoming stuck. To resolve this, the patch sends a final WR which serves only as a barrier before moving the QP state to RESET. Once a CQE is received for that final WR, it guarantees that no outstanding WRs remain, making it safe to transition the QP to RESET and subsequently back to RTS, restoring proper functionality. Note: For the barrier WR, we simply reuse the failed and ready WR. Since the QP is in an error state, it will only receive IB_WC_WR_FLUSH_ERR. However, as it serves only as a barrier we don't care about its status. [1] INFO: task rdma_resource_l:1922 blocked for more than 120 seconds. Tainted: G W 6.12.0-rc7+ #1626 "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. task:rdma_resource_l state:D stack:0 pid:1922 tgid:1922 ppid:1369 flags:0x00004004 Call Trace: <TASK> __schedule+0x420/0xd30 schedule+0x47/0x130 schedule_timeout+0x280/0x300 ? mark_held_locks+0x48/0x80 ? lockdep_hardirqs_on_prepare+0xe5/0x1a0 wait_for_completion+0x75/0x130 mlx5r_umr_post_send_wait+0x3c2/0x5b0 [mlx5_ib] ? __pfx_mlx5r_umr_done+0x10/0x10 [mlx5_ib] mlx5r_umr_revoke_mr+0x93/0xc0 [mlx5_ib] __mlx5_ib_dereg_mr+0x299/0x520 [mlx5_ib] ? _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x24/0x40 ? wait_for_completion+0xfe/0x130 ? rdma_restrack_put+0x63/0xe0 [ib_core] ib_dereg_mr_user+0x5f/0x120 [ib_core] ? lock_release+0xc6/0x280 destroy_hw_idr_uobject+0x1d/0x60 [ib_uverbs] uverbs_destroy_uobject+0x58/0x1d0 [ib_uverbs] uobj_destroy+0x3f/0x70 [ib_uverbs] ib_uverbs_cmd_verbs+0x3e4/0xbb0 [ib_uverbs] ? __pfx_uverbs_destroy_def_handler+0x10/0x10 [ib_uverbs] ? __lock_acquire+0x64e/0x2080 ? mark_held_locks+0x48/0x80 ? find_held_lock+0x2d/0xa0 ? lock_acquire+0xc1/0x2f0 ? ib_uverbs_ioctl+0xcb/0x170 [ib_uverbs] ? __fget_files+0xc3/0x1b0 ib_uverbs_ioctl+0xe7/0x170 [ib_uverbs] ? ib_uverbs_ioctl+0xcb/0x170 [ib_uverbs] __x64_sys_ioctl+0x1b0/0xa70 do_syscall_64+0x6b/0x140 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e RIP: 0033:0x7f99c918b17b RSP: 002b:00007ffc766d0468 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000010 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007ffc766d0578 RCX: 00007f99c918b17b RDX: 00007ffc766d0560 RSI: 00000000c0181b01 RDI: 0000000000000003 RBP: 00007ffc766d0540 R08: 00007f99c8f99010 R09: 000000000000bd7e R10: 00007f99c94c1c70 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00007ffc766d0530 R13: 000000000000001c R14: 0000000040246a80 R15: 0000000000000000 </TASK>
CVE-2025-21888 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-21 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: RDMA/mlx5: Fix a WARN during dereg_mr for DM type Memory regions (MR) of type DM (device memory) do not have an associated umem. In the __mlx5_ib_dereg_mr() -> mlx5_free_priv_descs() flow, the code incorrectly takes the wrong branch, attempting to call dma_unmap_single() on a DMA address that is not mapped. This results in a WARN [1], as shown below. The issue is resolved by properly accounting for the DM type and ensuring the correct branch is selected in mlx5_free_priv_descs(). [1] WARNING: CPU: 12 PID: 1346 at drivers/iommu/dma-iommu.c:1230 iommu_dma_unmap_page+0x79/0x90 Modules linked in: ip6table_mangle ip6table_nat ip6table_filter ip6_tables iptable_mangle xt_conntrack xt_MASQUERADE nf_conntrack_netlink nfnetlink xt_addrtype iptable_nat nf_nat br_netfilter rpcsec_gss_krb5 auth_rpcgss oid_registry ovelay rpcrdma rdma_ucm ib_iser libiscsi scsi_transport_iscsi ib_umad rdma_cm ib_ipoib iw_cm ib_cm mlx5_ib ib_uverbs ib_core fuse mlx5_core CPU: 12 UID: 0 PID: 1346 Comm: ibv_rc_pingpong Not tainted 6.12.0-rc7+ #1631 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.13.0-0-gf21b5a4aeb02-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:iommu_dma_unmap_page+0x79/0x90 Code: 2b 49 3b 29 72 26 49 3b 69 08 73 20 4d 89 f0 44 89 e9 4c 89 e2 48 89 ee 48 89 df 5b 5d 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e 41 5f e9 07 b8 88 ff <0f> 0b 5b 5d 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e 41 5f c3 cc cc cc cc 66 0f 1f 44 00 RSP: 0018:ffffc90001913a10 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff88810194b0a8 RCX: 0000000000000000 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000001 RBP: ffff88810194b0a8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 0000000000000001 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000 FS: 00007f537abdd740(0000) GS:ffff88885fb00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007f537aeb8000 CR3: 000000010c248001 CR4: 0000000000372eb0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Call Trace: <TASK> ? __warn+0x84/0x190 ? iommu_dma_unmap_page+0x79/0x90 ? report_bug+0xf8/0x1c0 ? handle_bug+0x55/0x90 ? exc_invalid_op+0x13/0x60 ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x16/0x20 ? iommu_dma_unmap_page+0x79/0x90 dma_unmap_page_attrs+0xe6/0x290 mlx5_free_priv_descs+0xb0/0xe0 [mlx5_ib] __mlx5_ib_dereg_mr+0x37e/0x520 [mlx5_ib] ? _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x24/0x40 ? wait_for_completion+0xfe/0x130 ? rdma_restrack_put+0x63/0xe0 [ib_core] ib_dereg_mr_user+0x5f/0x120 [ib_core] ? lock_release+0xc6/0x280 destroy_hw_idr_uobject+0x1d/0x60 [ib_uverbs] uverbs_destroy_uobject+0x58/0x1d0 [ib_uverbs] uobj_destroy+0x3f/0x70 [ib_uverbs] ib_uverbs_cmd_verbs+0x3e4/0xbb0 [ib_uverbs] ? __pfx_uverbs_destroy_def_handler+0x10/0x10 [ib_uverbs] ? lock_acquire+0xc1/0x2f0 ? ib_uverbs_ioctl+0xcb/0x170 [ib_uverbs] ? ib_uverbs_ioctl+0x116/0x170 [ib_uverbs] ? lock_release+0xc6/0x280 ib_uverbs_ioctl+0xe7/0x170 [ib_uverbs] ? ib_uverbs_ioctl+0xcb/0x170 [ib_uverbs] __x64_sys_ioctl+0x1b0/0xa70 do_syscall_64+0x6b/0x140 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e RIP: 0033:0x7f537adaf17b Code: 0f 1e fa 48 8b 05 1d ad 0c 00 64 c7 00 26 00 00 00 48 c7 c0 ff ff ff ff c3 66 0f 1f 44 00 00 f3 0f 1e fa b8 10 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d ed ac 0c 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007ffff218f0b8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000010 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007ffff218f1d8 RCX: 00007f537adaf17b RDX: 00007ffff218f1c0 RSI: 00000000c0181b01 RDI: 0000000000000003 RBP: 00007ffff218f1a0 R08: 00007f537aa8d010 R09: 0000561ee2e4f270 R10: 00007f537aace3a8 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00007ffff218f190 R13: 000000000000001c R14: 0000561ee2e4d7c0 R15: 00007ffff218f450 </TASK>
CVE-2025-21801 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-21 7.8 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ravb: Fix missing rtnl lock in suspend/resume path Fix the suspend/resume path by ensuring the rtnl lock is held where required. Calls to ravb_open, ravb_close and wol operations must be performed under the rtnl lock to prevent conflicts with ongoing ndo operations. Without this fix, the following warning is triggered: [ 39.032969] ============================= [ 39.032983] WARNING: suspicious RCU usage [ 39.033019] ----------------------------- [ 39.033033] drivers/net/phy/phy_device.c:2004 suspicious rcu_dereference_protected() usage! ... [ 39.033597] stack backtrace: [ 39.033613] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 174 Comm: python3 Not tainted 6.13.0-rc7-next-20250116-arm64-renesas-00002-g35245dfdc62c #7 [ 39.033623] Hardware name: Renesas SMARC EVK version 2 based on r9a08g045s33 (DT) [ 39.033628] Call trace: [ 39.033633] show_stack+0x14/0x1c (C) [ 39.033652] dump_stack_lvl+0xb4/0xc4 [ 39.033664] dump_stack+0x14/0x1c [ 39.033671] lockdep_rcu_suspicious+0x16c/0x22c [ 39.033682] phy_detach+0x160/0x190 [ 39.033694] phy_disconnect+0x40/0x54 [ 39.033703] ravb_close+0x6c/0x1cc [ 39.033714] ravb_suspend+0x48/0x120 [ 39.033721] dpm_run_callback+0x4c/0x14c [ 39.033731] device_suspend+0x11c/0x4dc [ 39.033740] dpm_suspend+0xdc/0x214 [ 39.033748] dpm_suspend_start+0x48/0x60 [ 39.033758] suspend_devices_and_enter+0x124/0x574 [ 39.033769] pm_suspend+0x1ac/0x274 [ 39.033778] state_store+0x88/0x124 [ 39.033788] kobj_attr_store+0x14/0x24 [ 39.033798] sysfs_kf_write+0x48/0x6c [ 39.033808] kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x118/0x1a8 [ 39.033817] vfs_write+0x27c/0x378 [ 39.033825] ksys_write+0x64/0xf4 [ 39.033833] __arm64_sys_write+0x18/0x20 [ 39.033841] invoke_syscall+0x44/0x104 [ 39.033852] el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0xb4/0xd4 [ 39.033862] do_el0_svc+0x18/0x20 [ 39.033870] el0_svc+0x3c/0xf0 [ 39.033880] el0t_64_sync_handler+0xc0/0xc4 [ 39.033888] el0t_64_sync+0x154/0x158 [ 39.041274] ravb 11c30000.ethernet eth0: Link is Down
CVE-2025-21768 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-21 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ipv6: fix dst ref loops in rpl, seg6 and ioam6 lwtunnels Some lwtunnels have a dst cache for post-transformation dst. If the packet destination did not change we may end up recording a reference to the lwtunnel in its own cache, and the lwtunnel state will never be freed. Discovered by the ioam6.sh test, kmemleak was recently fixed to catch per-cpu memory leaks. I'm not sure if rpl and seg6 can actually hit this, but in principle I don't see why not.
CVE-2025-21729 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-21 7.8 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: rtw89: fix race between cancel_hw_scan and hw_scan completion The rtwdev->scanning flag isn't protected by mutex originally, so cancel_hw_scan can pass the condition, but suddenly hw_scan completion unset the flag and calls ieee80211_scan_completed() that will free local->hw_scan_req. Then, cancel_hw_scan raises null-ptr-deref and use-after-free. Fix it by moving the check condition to where protected by mutex. KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000088-0x000000000000008f] CPU: 2 PID: 6922 Comm: kworker/2:2 Tainted: G OE Hardware name: LENOVO 2356AD1/2356AD1, BIOS G7ETB6WW (2.76 ) 09/10/2019 Workqueue: events cfg80211_conn_work [cfg80211] RIP: 0010:rtw89_fw_h2c_scan_offload_be+0xc33/0x13c3 [rtw89_core] Code: 00 45 89 6c 24 1c 0f 85 23 01 00 00 48 8b 85 20 ff ff ff 48 8d RSP: 0018:ffff88811fd9f068 EFLAGS: 00010206 RAX: dffffc0000000000 RBX: ffff88811fd9f258 RCX: 0000000000000001 RDX: 0000000000000011 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: 0000000000000089 RBP: ffff88811fd9f170 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: ffff88811fd9f108 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff88810e47f960 R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 000000000000ffff R15: 0000000000000000 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff8881d6f00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007531dfca55b0 CR3: 00000001be296004 CR4: 00000000001706e0 Call Trace: <TASK> ? show_regs+0x61/0x73 ? __die_body+0x20/0x73 ? die_addr+0x4f/0x7b ? exc_general_protection+0x191/0x1db ? asm_exc_general_protection+0x27/0x30 ? rtw89_fw_h2c_scan_offload_be+0xc33/0x13c3 [rtw89_core] ? rtw89_fw_h2c_scan_offload_be+0x458/0x13c3 [rtw89_core] ? __pfx_rtw89_fw_h2c_scan_offload_be+0x10/0x10 [rtw89_core] ? do_raw_spin_lock+0x75/0xdb ? __pfx_do_raw_spin_lock+0x10/0x10 rtw89_hw_scan_offload+0xb5e/0xbf7 [rtw89_core] ? _raw_spin_unlock+0xe/0x24 ? __mutex_lock.constprop.0+0x40c/0x471 ? __pfx_rtw89_hw_scan_offload+0x10/0x10 [rtw89_core] ? __mutex_lock_slowpath+0x13/0x1f ? mutex_lock+0xa2/0xdc ? __pfx_mutex_lock+0x10/0x10 rtw89_hw_scan_abort+0x58/0xb7 [rtw89_core] rtw89_ops_cancel_hw_scan+0x120/0x13b [rtw89_core] ieee80211_scan_cancel+0x468/0x4d0 [mac80211] ieee80211_prep_connection+0x858/0x899 [mac80211] ieee80211_mgd_auth+0xbea/0xdde [mac80211] ? __pfx_ieee80211_mgd_auth+0x10/0x10 [mac80211] ? cfg80211_find_elem+0x15/0x29 [cfg80211] ? is_bss+0x1b7/0x1d7 [cfg80211] ieee80211_auth+0x18/0x27 [mac80211] cfg80211_mlme_auth+0x3bb/0x3e7 [cfg80211] cfg80211_conn_do_work+0x410/0xb81 [cfg80211] ? __pfx_cfg80211_conn_do_work+0x10/0x10 [cfg80211] ? __kasan_check_read+0x11/0x1f ? psi_group_change+0x8bc/0x944 ? __kasan_check_write+0x14/0x22 ? mutex_lock+0x8e/0xdc ? __pfx_mutex_lock+0x10/0x10 ? __pfx___radix_tree_lookup+0x10/0x10 cfg80211_conn_work+0x245/0x34d [cfg80211] ? __pfx_cfg80211_conn_work+0x10/0x10 [cfg80211] ? update_cfs_rq_load_avg+0x3bc/0x3d7 ? sched_clock_noinstr+0x9/0x1a ? sched_clock+0x10/0x24 ? sched_clock_cpu+0x7e/0x42e ? newidle_balance+0x796/0x937 ? __pfx_sched_clock_cpu+0x10/0x10 ? __pfx_newidle_balance+0x10/0x10 ? __kasan_check_read+0x11/0x1f ? psi_group_change+0x8bc/0x944 ? _raw_spin_unlock+0xe/0x24 ? raw_spin_rq_unlock+0x47/0x54 ? raw_spin_rq_unlock_irq+0x9/0x1f ? finish_task_switch.isra.0+0x347/0x586 ? __schedule+0x27bf/0x2892 ? mutex_unlock+0x80/0xd0 ? do_raw_spin_lock+0x75/0xdb ? __pfx___schedule+0x10/0x10 process_scheduled_works+0x58c/0x821 worker_thread+0x4c7/0x586 ? __kasan_check_read+0x11/0x1f kthread+0x285/0x294 ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10 ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 ret_from_fork+0x29/0x6f ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30 </TASK>
CVE-2025-21723 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-21 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: mpi3mr: Fix possible crash when setting up bsg fails If bsg_setup_queue() fails, the bsg_queue is assigned a non-NULL value. Consequently, in mpi3mr_bsg_exit(), the condition "if(!mrioc->bsg_queue)" will not be satisfied, preventing execution from entering bsg_remove_queue(), which could lead to the following crash: BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 000000000000041c Call Trace: <TASK> mpi3mr_bsg_exit+0x1f/0x50 [mpi3mr] mpi3mr_remove+0x6f/0x340 [mpi3mr] pci_device_remove+0x3f/0xb0 device_release_driver_internal+0x19d/0x220 unbind_store+0xa4/0xb0 kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x11f/0x200 vfs_write+0x1fc/0x3e0 ksys_write+0x67/0xe0 do_syscall_64+0x38/0x80 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x78/0xe2
CVE-2025-21722 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-21 7.8 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nilfs2: do not force clear folio if buffer is referenced Patch series "nilfs2: protect busy buffer heads from being force-cleared". This series fixes the buffer head state inconsistency issues reported by syzbot that occurs when the filesystem is corrupted and falls back to read-only, and the associated buffer head use-after-free issue. This patch (of 2): Syzbot has reported that after nilfs2 detects filesystem corruption and falls back to read-only, inconsistencies in the buffer state may occur. One of the inconsistencies is that when nilfs2 calls mark_buffer_dirty() to set a data or metadata buffer as dirty, but it detects that the buffer is not in the uptodate state: WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 6049 at fs/buffer.c:1177 mark_buffer_dirty+0x2e5/0x520 fs/buffer.c:1177 ... Call Trace: <TASK> nilfs_palloc_commit_alloc_entry+0x4b/0x160 fs/nilfs2/alloc.c:598 nilfs_ifile_create_inode+0x1dd/0x3a0 fs/nilfs2/ifile.c:73 nilfs_new_inode+0x254/0x830 fs/nilfs2/inode.c:344 nilfs_mkdir+0x10d/0x340 fs/nilfs2/namei.c:218 vfs_mkdir+0x2f9/0x4f0 fs/namei.c:4257 do_mkdirat+0x264/0x3a0 fs/namei.c:4280 __do_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4295 [inline] __se_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:4293 [inline] __x64_sys_mkdirat+0x87/0xa0 fs/namei.c:4293 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xf3/0x230 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f The other is when nilfs_btree_propagate(), which propagates the dirty state to the ancestor nodes of a b-tree that point to a dirty buffer, detects that the origin buffer is not dirty, even though it should be: WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 5245 at fs/nilfs2/btree.c:2089 nilfs_btree_propagate+0xc79/0xdf0 fs/nilfs2/btree.c:2089 ... Call Trace: <TASK> nilfs_bmap_propagate+0x75/0x120 fs/nilfs2/bmap.c:345 nilfs_collect_file_data+0x4d/0xd0 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:587 nilfs_segctor_apply_buffers+0x184/0x340 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:1006 nilfs_segctor_scan_file+0x28c/0xa50 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:1045 nilfs_segctor_collect_blocks fs/nilfs2/segment.c:1216 [inline] nilfs_segctor_collect fs/nilfs2/segment.c:1540 [inline] nilfs_segctor_do_construct+0x1c28/0x6b90 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:2115 nilfs_segctor_construct+0x181/0x6b0 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:2479 nilfs_segctor_thread_construct fs/nilfs2/segment.c:2587 [inline] nilfs_segctor_thread+0x69e/0xe80 fs/nilfs2/segment.c:2701 kthread+0x2f0/0x390 kernel/kthread.c:389 ret_from_fork+0x4b/0x80 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244 </TASK> Both of these issues are caused by the callbacks that handle the page/folio write requests, forcibly clear various states, including the working state of the buffers they hold, at unexpected times when they detect read-only fallback. Fix these issues by checking if the buffer is referenced before clearing the page/folio state, and skipping the clear if it is.
CVE-2025-21714 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-21 7.8 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: RDMA/mlx5: Fix implicit ODP use after free Prevent double queueing of implicit ODP mr destroy work by using __xa_cmpxchg() to make sure this is the only time we are destroying this specific mr. Without this change, we could try to invalidate this mr twice, which in turn could result in queuing a MR work destroy twice, and eventually the second work could execute after the MR was freed due to the first work, causing a user after free and trace below. refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free. WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 12178 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0x12b/0x130 Modules linked in: bonding ib_ipoib vfio_pci ip_gre geneve nf_tables ip6_gre gre ip6_tunnel tunnel6 ipip tunnel4 ib_umad rdma_ucm mlx5_vfio_pci vfio_pci_core vfio_iommu_type1 mlx5_ib vfio ib_uverbs mlx5_core iptable_raw openvswitch nsh rpcrdma ib_iser libiscsi scsi_transport_iscsi rdma_cm iw_cm ib_cm ib_core xt_conntrack xt_MASQUERADE nf_conntrack_netlink nfnetlink xt_addrtype iptable_nat nf_nat br_netfilter rpcsec_gss_krb5 auth_rpcgss oid_registry overlay zram zsmalloc fuse [last unloaded: ib_uverbs] CPU: 2 PID: 12178 Comm: kworker/u20:5 Not tainted 6.5.0-rc1_net_next_mlx5_58c644e #1 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.13.0-0-gf21b5a4aeb02-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 Workqueue: events_unbound free_implicit_child_mr_work [mlx5_ib] RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x12b/0x130 Code: 48 c7 c7 38 95 2a 82 c6 05 bc c6 fe 00 01 e8 0c 66 aa ff 0f 0b 5b c3 48 c7 c7 e0 94 2a 82 c6 05 a7 c6 fe 00 01 e8 f5 65 aa ff <0f> 0b 5b c3 90 8b 07 3d 00 00 00 c0 74 12 83 f8 01 74 13 8d 50 ff RSP: 0018:ffff8881008e3e40 EFLAGS: 00010286 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000027 RDX: ffff88852c91b5c8 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: ffff88852c91b5c0 RBP: ffff8881dacd4e00 R08: 00000000ffffffff R09: 0000000000000019 R10: 000000000000072e R11: 0000000063666572 R12: ffff88812bfd9e00 R13: ffff8881c792d200 R14: ffff88810011c005 R15: ffff8881002099c0 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88852c900000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007f5694b5e000 CR3: 00000001153f6003 CR4: 0000000000370ea0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Call Trace: <TASK> ? refcount_warn_saturate+0x12b/0x130 free_implicit_child_mr_work+0x180/0x1b0 [mlx5_ib] process_one_work+0x1cc/0x3c0 worker_thread+0x218/0x3c0 kthread+0xc6/0xf0 ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 </TASK>
CVE-2025-21696 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-21 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm: clear uffd-wp PTE/PMD state on mremap() When mremap()ing a memory region previously registered with userfaultfd as write-protected but without UFFD_FEATURE_EVENT_REMAP, an inconsistency in flag clearing leads to a mismatch between the vma flags (which have uffd-wp cleared) and the pte/pmd flags (which do not have uffd-wp cleared). This mismatch causes a subsequent mprotect(PROT_WRITE) to trigger a warning in page_table_check_pte_flags() due to setting the pte to writable while uffd-wp is still set. Fix this by always explicitly clearing the uffd-wp pte/pmd flags on any such mremap() so that the values are consistent with the existing clearing of VM_UFFD_WP. Be careful to clear the logical flag regardless of its physical form; a PTE bit, a swap PTE bit, or a PTE marker. Cover PTE, huge PMD and hugetlb paths.
CVE-2025-21650 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-21 7.1 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: hns3: fixed hclge_fetch_pf_reg accesses bar space out of bounds issue The TQP BAR space is divided into two segments. TQPs 0-1023 and TQPs 1024-1279 are in different BAR space addresses. However, hclge_fetch_pf_reg does not distinguish the tqp space information when reading the tqp space information. When the number of TQPs is greater than 1024, access bar space overwriting occurs. The problem of different segments has been considered during the initialization of tqp.io_base. Therefore, tqp.io_base is directly used when the queue is read in hclge_fetch_pf_reg. The error message: Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff800037200000 pc : hclge_fetch_pf_reg+0x138/0x250 [hclge] lr : hclge_get_regs+0x84/0x1d0 [hclge] Call trace: hclge_fetch_pf_reg+0x138/0x250 [hclge] hclge_get_regs+0x84/0x1d0 [hclge] hns3_get_regs+0x2c/0x50 [hns3] ethtool_get_regs+0xf4/0x270 dev_ethtool+0x674/0x8a0 dev_ioctl+0x270/0x36c sock_do_ioctl+0x110/0x2a0 sock_ioctl+0x2ac/0x530 __arm64_sys_ioctl+0xa8/0x100 invoke_syscall+0x4c/0x124 el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x140/0x15c do_el0_svc+0x30/0xd0 el0_svc+0x1c/0x2c el0_sync_handler+0xb0/0xb4 el0_sync+0x168/0x180
CVE-2025-21635 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-21 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: rds: sysctl: rds_tcp_{rcv,snd}buf: avoid using current->nsproxy As mentioned in a previous commit of this series, using the 'net' structure via 'current' is not recommended for different reasons: - Inconsistency: getting info from the reader's/writer's netns vs only from the opener's netns. - current->nsproxy can be NULL in some cases, resulting in an 'Oops' (null-ptr-deref), e.g. when the current task is exiting, as spotted by syzbot [1] using acct(2). The per-netns structure can be obtained from the table->data using container_of(), then the 'net' one can be retrieved from the listen socket (if available).
CVE-2024-58074 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-21 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/i915: Grab intel_display from the encoder to avoid potential oopsies Grab the intel_display from 'encoder' rather than 'state' in the encoder hooks to avoid the massive footgun that is intel_sanitize_encoder(), which passes NULL as the 'state' argument to encoder .disable() and .post_disable(). TODO: figure out how to actually fix intel_sanitize_encoder()...
CVE-2024-58012 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-21 5.5 Medium
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ASoC: SOF: Intel: hda-dai: Ensure DAI widget is valid during params Each cpu DAI should associate with a widget. However, the topology might not create the right number of DAI widgets for aggregated amps. And it will cause NULL pointer deference. Check that the DAI widget associated with the CPU DAI is valid to prevent NULL pointer deference due to missing DAI widgets in topologies with aggregated amps.
CVE-2024-58006 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-21 9.6 Critical
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: PCI: dwc: ep: Prevent changing BAR size/flags in pci_epc_set_bar() In commit 4284c88fff0e ("PCI: designware-ep: Allow pci_epc_set_bar() update inbound map address") set_bar() was modified to support dynamically changing the backing physical address of a BAR that was already configured. This means that set_bar() can be called twice, without ever calling clear_bar() (as calling clear_bar() would clear the BAR's PCI address assigned by the host). This can only be done if the new BAR size/flags does not differ from the existing BAR configuration. Add these missing checks. If we allow set_bar() to set e.g. a new BAR size that differs from the existing BAR size, the new address translation range will be smaller than the BAR size already determined by the host, which would mean that a read past the new BAR size would pass the iATU untranslated, which could allow the host to read memory not belonging to the new struct pci_epf_bar. While at it, add comments which clarifies the support for dynamically changing the physical address of a BAR. (Which was also missing.)
CVE-2024-57999 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-21 8.8 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: powerpc/pseries/iommu: IOMMU incorrectly marks MMIO range in DDW Power Hypervisor can possibily allocate MMIO window intersecting with Dynamic DMA Window (DDW) range, which is over 32-bit addressing. These MMIO pages needs to be marked as reserved so that IOMMU doesn't map DMA buffers in this range. The current code is not marking these pages correctly which is resulting in LPAR to OOPS while booting. The stack is at below BUG: Unable to handle kernel data access on read at 0xc00800005cd40000 Faulting instruction address: 0xc00000000005cdac Oops: Kernel access of bad area, sig: 11 [#1] LE PAGE_SIZE=64K MMU=Hash SMP NR_CPUS=2048 NUMA pSeries Modules linked in: af_packet rfkill ibmveth(X) lpfc(+) nvmet_fc nvmet nvme_keyring crct10dif_vpmsum nvme_fc nvme_fabrics nvme_core be2net(+) nvme_auth rtc_generic nfsd auth_rpcgss nfs_acl lockd grace sunrpc fuse configfs ip_tables x_tables xfs libcrc32c dm_service_time ibmvfc(X) scsi_transport_fc vmx_crypto gf128mul crc32c_vpmsum dm_mirror dm_region_hash dm_log dm_multipath dm_mod sd_mod scsi_dh_emc scsi_dh_rdac scsi_dh_alua t10_pi crc64_rocksoft_generic crc64_rocksoft sg crc64 scsi_mod Supported: Yes, External CPU: 8 PID: 241 Comm: kworker/8:1 Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.4.0-150600.23.14-default #1 SLE15-SP6 b44ee71c81261b9e4bab5e0cde1f2ed891d5359b Hardware name: IBM,9080-M9S POWER9 (raw) 0x4e2103 0xf000005 of:IBM,FW950.B0 (VH950_149) hv:phyp pSeries Workqueue: events work_for_cpu_fn NIP: c00000000005cdac LR: c00000000005e830 CTR: 0000000000000000 REGS: c00001400c9ff770 TRAP: 0300 Not tainted (6.4.0-150600.23.14-default) MSR: 800000000280b033 <SF,VEC,VSX,EE,FP,ME,IR,DR,RI,LE> CR: 24228448 XER: 00000001 CFAR: c00000000005cdd4 DAR: c00800005cd40000 DSISR: 40000000 IRQMASK: 0 GPR00: c00000000005e830 c00001400c9ffa10 c000000001987d00 c00001400c4fe800 GPR04: 0000080000000000 0000000000000001 0000000004000000 0000000000800000 GPR08: 0000000004000000 0000000000000001 c00800005cd40000 ffffffffffffffff GPR12: 0000000084228882 c00000000a4c4f00 0000000000000010 0000080000000000 GPR16: c00001400c4fe800 0000000004000000 0800000000000000 c00000006088b800 GPR20: c00001401a7be980 c00001400eff3800 c000000002a2da68 000000000000002b GPR24: c0000000026793a8 c000000002679368 000000000000002a c0000000026793c8 GPR28: 000008007effffff 0000080000000000 0000000000800000 c00001400c4fe800 NIP [c00000000005cdac] iommu_table_reserve_pages+0xac/0x100 LR [c00000000005e830] iommu_init_table+0x80/0x1e0 Call Trace: [c00001400c9ffa10] [c00000000005e810] iommu_init_table+0x60/0x1e0 (unreliable) [c00001400c9ffa90] [c00000000010356c] iommu_bypass_supported_pSeriesLP+0x9cc/0xe40 [c00001400c9ffc30] [c00000000005c300] dma_iommu_dma_supported+0xf0/0x230 [c00001400c9ffcb0] [c00000000024b0c4] dma_supported+0x44/0x90 [c00001400c9ffcd0] [c00000000024b14c] dma_set_mask+0x3c/0x80 [c00001400c9ffd00] [c0080000555b715c] be_probe+0xc4/0xb90 [be2net] [c00001400c9ffdc0] [c000000000986f3c] local_pci_probe+0x6c/0x110 [c00001400c9ffe40] [c000000000188f28] work_for_cpu_fn+0x38/0x60 [c00001400c9ffe70] [c00000000018e454] process_one_work+0x314/0x620 [c00001400c9fff10] [c00000000018f280] worker_thread+0x2b0/0x620 [c00001400c9fff90] [c00000000019bb18] kthread+0x148/0x150 [c00001400c9fffe0] [c00000000000ded8] start_kernel_thread+0x14/0x18 There are 2 issues in the code 1. The index is "int" while the address is "unsigned long". This results in negative value when setting the bitmap. 2. The DMA offset is page shifted but the MMIO range is used as-is (64-bit address). MMIO address needs to be page shifted as well.
CVE-2024-57976 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-21 7.8 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: do proper folio cleanup when cow_file_range() failed [BUG] When testing with COW fixup marked as BUG_ON() (this is involved with the new pin_user_pages*() change, which should not result new out-of-band dirty pages), I hit a crash triggered by the BUG_ON() from hitting COW fixup path. This BUG_ON() happens just after a failed btrfs_run_delalloc_range(): BTRFS error (device dm-2): failed to run delalloc range, root 348 ino 405 folio 65536 submit_bitmap 6-15 start 90112 len 106496: -28 ------------[ cut here ]------------ kernel BUG at fs/btrfs/extent_io.c:1444! Internal error: Oops - BUG: 00000000f2000800 [#1] SMP CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 434621 Comm: kworker/u24:8 Tainted: G OE 6.12.0-rc7-custom+ #86 Hardware name: QEMU KVM Virtual Machine, BIOS unknown 2/2/2022 Workqueue: events_unbound btrfs_async_reclaim_data_space [btrfs] pc : extent_writepage_io+0x2d4/0x308 [btrfs] lr : extent_writepage_io+0x2d4/0x308 [btrfs] Call trace: extent_writepage_io+0x2d4/0x308 [btrfs] extent_writepage+0x218/0x330 [btrfs] extent_write_cache_pages+0x1d4/0x4b0 [btrfs] btrfs_writepages+0x94/0x150 [btrfs] do_writepages+0x74/0x190 filemap_fdatawrite_wbc+0x88/0xc8 start_delalloc_inodes+0x180/0x3b0 [btrfs] btrfs_start_delalloc_roots+0x174/0x280 [btrfs] shrink_delalloc+0x114/0x280 [btrfs] flush_space+0x250/0x2f8 [btrfs] btrfs_async_reclaim_data_space+0x180/0x228 [btrfs] process_one_work+0x164/0x408 worker_thread+0x25c/0x388 kthread+0x100/0x118 ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 Code: aa1403e1 9402f3ef aa1403e0 9402f36f (d4210000) ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- [CAUSE] That failure is mostly from cow_file_range(), where we can hit -ENOSPC. Although the -ENOSPC is already a bug related to our space reservation code, let's just focus on the error handling. For example, we have the following dirty range [0, 64K) of an inode, with 4K sector size and 4K page size: 0 16K 32K 48K 64K |///////////////////////////////////////| |#######################################| Where |///| means page are still dirty, and |###| means the extent io tree has EXTENT_DELALLOC flag. - Enter extent_writepage() for page 0 - Enter btrfs_run_delalloc_range() for range [0, 64K) - Enter cow_file_range() for range [0, 64K) - Function btrfs_reserve_extent() only reserved one 16K extent So we created extent map and ordered extent for range [0, 16K) 0 16K 32K 48K 64K |////////|//////////////////////////////| |<- OE ->|##############################| And range [0, 16K) has its delalloc flag cleared. But since we haven't yet submit any bio, involved 4 pages are still dirty. - Function btrfs_reserve_extent() returns with -ENOSPC Now we have to run error cleanup, which will clear all EXTENT_DELALLOC* flags and clear the dirty flags for the remaining ranges: 0 16K 32K 48K 64K |////////| | | | | Note that range [0, 16K) still has its pages dirty. - Some time later, writeback is triggered again for the range [0, 16K) since the page range still has dirty flags. - btrfs_run_delalloc_range() will do nothing because there is no EXTENT_DELALLOC flag. - extent_writepage_io() finds page 0 has no ordered flag Which falls into the COW fixup path, triggering the BUG_ON(). Unfortunately this error handling bug dates back to the introduction of btrfs. Thankfully with the abuse of COW fixup, at least it won't crash the kernel. [FIX] Instead of immediately unlocking the extent and folios, we keep the extent and folios locked until either erroring out or the whole delalloc range finished. When the whole delalloc range finished without error, we just unlock the whole range with PAGE_SET_ORDERED (and PAGE_UNLOCK for !keep_locked cases) ---truncated---
CVE-2024-57975 1 Linux 1 Linux Kernel 2026-10-21 7.8 High
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: do proper folio cleanup when run_delalloc_nocow() failed [BUG] With CONFIG_DEBUG_VM set, test case generic/476 has some chance to crash with the following VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(): BTRFS error (device dm-3): cow_file_range failed, start 1146880 end 1253375 len 106496 ret -28 BTRFS error (device dm-3): run_delalloc_nocow failed, start 1146880 end 1253375 len 106496 ret -28 page: refcount:4 mapcount:0 mapping:00000000592787cc index:0x12 pfn:0x10664 aops:btrfs_aops [btrfs] ino:101 dentry name(?):"f1774" flags: 0x2fffff80004028(uptodate|lru|private|node=0|zone=2|lastcpupid=0xfffff) page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio)) ------------[ cut here ]------------ kernel BUG at mm/page-writeback.c:2992! Internal error: Oops - BUG: 00000000f2000800 [#1] SMP CPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 3943513 Comm: kworker/u24:15 Tainted: G OE 6.12.0-rc7-custom+ #87 Tainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE Hardware name: QEMU KVM Virtual Machine, BIOS unknown 2/2/2022 Workqueue: events_unbound btrfs_async_reclaim_data_space [btrfs] pc : folio_clear_dirty_for_io+0x128/0x258 lr : folio_clear_dirty_for_io+0x128/0x258 Call trace: folio_clear_dirty_for_io+0x128/0x258 btrfs_folio_clamp_clear_dirty+0x80/0xd0 [btrfs] __process_folios_contig+0x154/0x268 [btrfs] extent_clear_unlock_delalloc+0x5c/0x80 [btrfs] run_delalloc_nocow+0x5f8/0x760 [btrfs] btrfs_run_delalloc_range+0xa8/0x220 [btrfs] writepage_delalloc+0x230/0x4c8 [btrfs] extent_writepage+0xb8/0x358 [btrfs] extent_write_cache_pages+0x21c/0x4e8 [btrfs] btrfs_writepages+0x94/0x150 [btrfs] do_writepages+0x74/0x190 filemap_fdatawrite_wbc+0x88/0xc8 start_delalloc_inodes+0x178/0x3a8 [btrfs] btrfs_start_delalloc_roots+0x174/0x280 [btrfs] shrink_delalloc+0x114/0x280 [btrfs] flush_space+0x250/0x2f8 [btrfs] btrfs_async_reclaim_data_space+0x180/0x228 [btrfs] process_one_work+0x164/0x408 worker_thread+0x25c/0x388 kthread+0x100/0x118 ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 Code: 910a8021 a90363f7 a9046bf9 94012379 (d4210000) ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- [CAUSE] The first two lines of extra debug messages show the problem is caused by the error handling of run_delalloc_nocow(). E.g. we have the following dirtied range (4K blocksize 4K page size): 0 16K 32K |//////////////////////////////////////| | Pre-allocated | And the range [0, 16K) has a preallocated extent. - Enter run_delalloc_nocow() for range [0, 16K) Which found range [0, 16K) is preallocated, can do the proper NOCOW write. - Enter fallback_to_fow() for range [16K, 32K) Since the range [16K, 32K) is not backed by preallocated extent, we have to go COW. - cow_file_range() failed for range [16K, 32K) So cow_file_range() will do the clean up by clearing folio dirty, unlock the folios. Now the folios in range [16K, 32K) is unlocked. - Enter extent_clear_unlock_delalloc() from run_delalloc_nocow() Which is called with PAGE_START_WRITEBACK to start page writeback. But folios can only be marked writeback when it's properly locked, thus this triggered the VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(). Furthermore there is another hidden but common bug that run_delalloc_nocow() is not clearing the folio dirty flags in its error handling path. This is the common bug shared between run_delalloc_nocow() and cow_file_range(). [FIX] - Clear folio dirty for range [@start, @cur_offset) Introduce a helper, cleanup_dirty_folios(), which will find and lock the folio in the range, clear the dirty flag and start/end the writeback, with the extra handling for the @locked_folio. - Introduce a helper to clear folio dirty, start and end writeback - Introduce a helper to record the last failed COW range end This is to trace which range we should skip, to avoid double unlocking. - Skip the failed COW range for the e ---truncated---